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什麼是sama^dhi?sama^dhi是什麼意思?

在、南傳佛教英文辭典中都找到了“什麼是sama^dhi”在不同出處下的解釋,請查閱下面的答案。
【南傳佛教英文辭典】對“什麼是sama^dhi”的解釋

  ”concentration”;  lit.”the  (mental)  state  of  being  firmly  fixed”  (sam+a^+?  ha^),  is  the  fixing  of  the  mind  on  a  single  object."One-pointedness  of  mind  (cittass”  ekaggata^),  Brother  Visakha,  this  is  called  concentration"  (M.  44).  Concentration  -  though  often  very  weak  -  is  one  of  the  7  mental  concomitants  inseparably  associated  with  all  consciousness.  Cf.  na^ma,  cetana^.
Right  concentration  (samma^-sama^dhi),  as  the  last  link  of  the  8-fold  Path  (s.  magga),  is  defined  as  the  4  meditative  absorptions  (jha^na,  q.v.).  In  a  wider  sense,  comprising  also  much  weaker  states  of  concentration,  it  is  associated  with  all  karmically  wholesome  (kusala)  consciousness.  Wrong  concentration  (miccha^-sama^dhi)  is  concentration  associated  with  all  karmically  unwholesome  (akusala,  q.v.)  consciousness.  Wherever  in  the  texts  this  term  is  not  differentiated  by  ”right”  or  ”wrong”,  there  ”right”  concentration  is  meant  .
In  concentration  one  distinguishes  3  grades  of  intensity:
(1)  ”Preparatory  concentration”  (parikamma-sama^dhi)  existing  at  the  beginning  of  the  mental  exercise.
(2)  ”Neighbourhood  concentration”  (upaca^ra-sama^dhi),  i.e.  concentration  ”approaching”  but  not  yet  attaining  the  1st  absorption  (jha^na,  q.v.),  which  in  certain  mental  exercises  is  marked  by  the  appearance  of  the  so-called  ”counter-image”  (patibha^ga-nimitta).
(3)  ”Attainment  concentration”  (appana^-sama^dhi),  i.e.  that  concentration  which  is  present  during  the  absorptions.  (App.)
Further  details,  s.  bha^vana,  Vis.M.  III  and  Fund.  IV.
Concentration  connected  with  the  4  noble  path-moments  (magga),  and  fruition-moments  (phala),  is  called  supermundane  (lokuttara),  having  Nibba^na  as  object.  Any  other  concentration,  even  that  of  the  sublimest  absorptions  is  merely  mundane  (lokiya,  q.v.).
According  to  D.  33,  the  development  of  concentration  (sama^dhi-bha^vana^)  may  procure  a  4-fold  blessing:  (1)  present  happiness  through  the  4  absorptions;  (2)  knowledge  and  vision  (n~a^na-dassana)  -  here  probably  identical  with  the  ”divine  eye”  (s.  abhin~n~a^)  through  perception  of  light  (kasina);  (3)  mindfulness  and  clear  comprehension  through  the  clear  knowledge  of  the  arising,  persisting  and  vanishing  of  feelings,  perceptions  and  thoughts;  (4)  extinction  of  all  cankers  (a^savakkhaya)  through  understanding  the  arising  and  passing  away  of  the  5  groups  forming  the  objects  of  clinging  (s.  khandha).
Concentration  is  one  of  the  7  factors  of  enlightenment  (bojjhanga,  q.v.),  one  of  the  5  spiritual  faculties  and  powers  (s.  bala),  and  the  last  link  of  the  8-fold  Path.  In  the  3-fold  division  of  the  8-fold  Path  (morality,  concentration  and  wisdom),  it  is  a  collective  name  for  the  three  last  links  of  the  path  (s.  sikkha^).

【南傳佛教英文辭典】對“什麼是sama^dhi”的解釋

  parikamma-,  upaca^ra-,  and  appana^-s.:  are  found  only  in  the  Com.

【南傳佛教英文辭典】對“什麼是sama^dhi”的解釋

  sama^patti  kusalata^,  -thiti-kusalata^,  -uttha^nakusalata^:  skilfulness  in  entering  into  concentration,  in  remaining  in  it,  and  in  rising  from  it.  Cf.  S.XXXIV,  llff.

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